The Torsional Upper Crossed Syndrome: A multi-planar update to Janda's model, with a case series introduction of the mid-pectoral fascial lesion as an associated etiological factor

Abstract

The Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) was presented by Janda to introduce neuromotor aspects of upper body muscle imbalances, describing sagittal plane postural asymmetries as barriers to recovery from chronic locomotor system pain syndromes. The UCS describes muscle imbalances of key antagonists causing forward postures of the head and shoulders and associated changes in the spinal curves -particularly an increased thoracic kyphosis - as well as changed function in the shoulder girdle. The role of fascial tissue has gained remarkable interest over the past decade, previously emphasizing its anatomic compartmental and binding role, while more recently emphasizing load transfer, sensory and kinetic chain function. The authors introduce the Mid-Pectoral Fascial Lesion (MPFL) as a myofascial disorder, describing 11 ipsilateral chest wall cases. While managing these cases, the authors encountered and subsequently designated the Torsional Upper Crossed Syndrome (TUCS) as a multi-planar addition to Janda's classic sagittal plane model. This article integrates published updates regarding the role of posture and fascia with the effects of chest wall trauma and a newly described associated postural syndrome as illustrated with this case series. An effective therapeutic approach to release the MPFL is then briefly described.