Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the temporal dynamics within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the rostral-ventral (rv) ACC during the interaction of emotional valence and arousal with cognitive control in patients with Schizophrenia (SZ). Although cognitive deficits in SZ are highly relevant and emotional disturbances are common, the temporal relationship of brain regions involved in the interaction of emotional and cognitive processing in SZ is yet to be determined. To address this issue, the reaction time (RT), event-related potential (ERP) and temporal dynamics of the dACC and rvACC activity were compared between SZ subjects and healthy controls (HC), using a modified emotional Stroop experiment (with factors namely congruence, arousal and valence). EEG was recorded with 64 channels and source localisation was performed using the sLORETA software package. We observed slower initial increase and lower peaks of time course activity within the dACC and rvACC in the SZ group. In this particular group, the dACC activity during late negativity was negatively correlated with a significantly higher RT in the high arousal conflict condition. In contrast to HC subjects, at the N450 window, there was no significant valence (ERP and rvACC ROI) modulation effect in the SZ subjects. Using high density EEG and source localisation, it was possible to distinguish various disturbances within the dACC and rvACC in patients with SZ, during emotion–cognition processing.
Highlights
While being consumed with unmet daily necessities, patients suffering from Schizophrenia (SZ) are usually left with little to no capacity to handle highly charged emotional-cognitive situations (Myin-Germeys et al 2005; Watson 2015)
Cognitive deficits in patients with SZ have received a lot of attention, as it should be relevant to the functional outcome (Bowie and Harvey 2006; Soria et al 2018)
healthy controls (HC) subjects were recruited via the internet as well as word-of-mouth from Hamburg and its surrounding area
Summary
While being consumed with unmet daily necessities, patients suffering from Schizophrenia (SZ) are usually left with little to no capacity to handle highly charged emotional-cognitive situations (Myin-Germeys et al 2005; Watson 2015). Cognitive deficits in patients with SZ have received a lot of attention, as it should be relevant to the functional outcome (Bowie and Harvey 2006; Soria et al 2018). Extended author information available on the last page of the article despite recent advancements, antipsychotic medication (Carpenter and Koenig 2008; Feifel et al 2016; Howes et al 2017) and cognitive enhancement therapy (Fakra et al 2015) far has only shown limited impact towards the functional outcome of patients with SZ. It has been suggested that pure cognitive processes, such as those evaluated and trained in numerous programs may be distant from realworld applicability (Wykes et al 2011)
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