The throat badge as a status signal in juvenile male willow titsParus montanus

Abstract

Status signalling in juvenile male Willow TitsParus montanus was studied by observing the outcome of interactions of birds with different size of their black throat badge, and by manipulating the size of their badge. The bird with the largest throat badge was the dominant one in all dyads studied (N=25), and the relative rank position of the males was positively correlated with the size of their badge. The badge size explained about 95% of the variation in the birds' dominance rank. When confronting juvenile males with a stuffed Willow Tit mounted close to a feeder placed in an aviary, there was found a negative correlation between the size of the badge of the males and the time from they were released till they visited the feeder. After subordinate birds from seven earlier dyads got their throat badge artificially increased, the originally dominant bird reacted submissively and tried to avoid the bird with a larger dyed badge, that temporary had increased its rank position. Our data support the status signalling hypothesis.