Abstract
VHF (Very High Frequency) lightning interferometers can locate and observe lightning discharges with a high time resolution. Especially the appearance of continuous interferometers makes the 2-D location of interferometers further improve in time resolution and completeness. However, there is uncertainty in the conclusion obtained by simply analyzing the 2-D locating information. Without the support of other 3-D total lightning locating networks, the 2-station interferometer becomes an option to obtain 3-D information. This paper introduces a 3-D lightning location method of a 2-station broadband interferometer, which uses the theodolite wind measurement method for reference, and gives the simulation results of the location accuracy. Finally, using the multi-baseline continuous 2-D locating method and the 3-D locating method, the locating results of one intra-cloud flash and the statistical results of the initiation heights of 61 cloud-to-ground flashes and 80 intra-cloud flashes are given. The results show that the two-station interferometer has high observation accuracy on both sides of the connection between the two sites. The locating accuracy will deteriorate as the distance between the radiation source and the two stations increases or the height decreases. The actual locating results are similar to those of the existing VHF TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) lightning locating network.
Highlights
Lightning detection technology has always played an important role in lightning research [1,2,3].With the development of microelectronics and optoelectronic technology, lightning detection methods have been improved significantly since the 1970s [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
According to different locating methods, VHF lightning locating systems can be divided into two types: lightning locating networks using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method and VHF lightning interferometer systems using interferometric direction finding method
This paper introduces a two-station 3-D lightning location method for broadband
Summary
Lightning detection technology has always played an important role in lightning research [1,2,3]. People have made breakthrough progress in understanding the distribution structure of positive and negative charge layers in thunderstorms and the discharge processes of intra-cloud flash (IC) and cloud-to-ground flash (CG) at various stages, making it possible to conduct fine research on the lightning development process [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] Among these technologies, VHF (Very High Frequency) lightning detection equipment has become an important technical means to study the initiation mechanism, morphological characteristics, and development of lightning, because it has the ability to observe the lightning breakdown process and is not affected by cloud cover [24,25,26,27]. This paper introduces a 3-D locating method of a two-station broadband interferometer system and gives the corresponding error analysis and observation results
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