Abstract
Analysts usually identify two United Nations, one composed of member states and a second composed of the secretariats. A third UN should also be recognized, composed of actors that are closely associated with the world organization but not formally part of it. This outside-insider UN includes nongovernmental organizations, academics, consultants, experts, independent commissions, and other groups of individuals. These informal networks often help to effect shifts in ideas, policies, priorities, and prac tices that are initially seen as undesirable or problematic by governments and international secretariats. Keywords: United Nations, nongovernmen tal organizations, intellectual history, networks, international secretariats.
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