THE THESIS SUMMARIZES THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL AND METHODICAL BASES TO EXPLORE REGULARITIES OF CHANNEL WAY FORMATION IN THE RIVER SYSTEM OF THE PISTYNKA - LUCHKA - SOPIVKA

Abstract

Geological-geomorphologic conditions within the basin of the Upper Prut and the history of development of its river-lowland system were put under thorough analysis.The territorial division of the modern river-valley systems is an urgent task both theoretically and practically. On the basis of the homogeneous sections of the river valleys bottoms as well as homogeneous sections of the river-beds and flood-lands, the landscapes, ecosystems and social-natural geo-systems are developing.The systems of river-valley bottoms are central and most important components of the basin systems where different natural and anthropogenic pressures are concentrated. In modern conditions, the question the formation of appropriate geo informational systems, the usage of the GIS method in the research, the development of supervision and cadaster is raised.The signified major trunk section of the modern river-valley system of the Upper Prut reflect the most important features of the geological and geomorphological structure of the territory, the history of the valley development and the corresponding history of functioning of the system «stream-river bad».Our following objective is to find morphometrically integral, homogeneous territorial units, give their description and develop the corresponding data base of GIS. Meanwhile, we would like to point out that beyond our investigation we have left minor, small-scale components of the river-valley system which we have related to the typical ones.These are the valleys of the 1st -4th quantities. By analogy with the term «small river», they can be defined as small river-valley systems. They include primary and more developed links. For their investigation, a different method should be wed. it can be a typological research when the specific features of different geomorphological districts will be taken into consideration.When studying the processes and patterns of the formation of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians, it is necessary to take into account the features of the development of their hydrographic network. The predominant pattern of the network in the Pistynka-Lyuchka-Lyuchka Sopivka channel system is the radial one, which is due to the orographic structure of Rungurska Sloboda.The modern system of the hydrographic network of Pistynka-Lucki-Lucki Sopovka, as part of the Upper Prut basin, has undergone two stages of development: emergence and formation. Some rivers have ancient valleys, others have formed their valleys relatively recently, as evidenced by a slight erosion cut. Hydro network is a polysynthetic formation formed on the basis of numerous changes in its configuration due to the active erosion-accumulation activity of rivers and economic activity of man. The decisive factor in the formation and development of the hydrographic network is neotectonics. The unevenness of the earth's crust raised contributed to the expansion of the catchment area, the formation of a series of basement terraces and epigenetic valleys, the formation of a peculiar pattern of the network.Significant changes in the hydrographic network of the study area are happening nowadays. Comparison of topographic maps (Polish for 1931-1933 and Soviet for 1978, 1992) showed that in 50-60 years the total number of rivers decreased by about 20%. The vast majority of extinct rivers have 1 order. Depending on the location of the river and the type of hydrographic network, the number of tributaries that have disappeared or appeared varies significantly. The largest inflow disappeared in the Lyuchki Basin (65 small rivers) and only 6 appeared. It is mainly directly its tributaries, or tributaries of the rivers Accra, Lucha, Lunga (all flowing within the inner valley). The total comparison is 156/97. In our opinion, the reason for such changes is anthropogenic factor: the direct or indirect impact of human economic activity on the catchment area. Climate change in the region is also likely to play a role.