Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: Thermoregulation is a complex autonomic process to keep or to dissipate heat in the human body.Methods: In this work, by means of the thermogram of the plantar skin, the thermoregulation of healthy individuals, overweight–obese, and diabetic is discussed.Results: The thermograms of the plantar skin, for the healthy individuals, are: (1) symmetrical, the temperature distribution of the right foot being a mirror image of that of the left foot ; (2) the thermograms of women, on average, are 3°C colder than those of the men; and (3) the temperature distributions decrease distally from the medial longitudinal arch. The plantar skin thermograms of overweight–obese individuals show: (1) increased average temperature of both feet and for both genders; (2) no symmetry between the left and right feet thermograms; and (3) the temperature distribution is still decreasing from the medial longitudinal arch to the periphery of the foot. However, the standard deviation, for each averaged temperature of the angiosomes, shows greater uncertainty. Most thermograms of diabetic individuals show temperature increase on the plantar skin, and are mostly symmetric between left and right feet.Conclusions: An asymmetric thermogram of the plantar skin of diabetic individuals, where one foot is hotter than the other, may mean that the coldest foot is losing the capacity to communicate properly with the central nervous system and/or that vasoconstriction/vasodilatation is having problems in regulating the passing of blood through the vessels. Thus, the asymmetric thermograms of diabetic patients, and particularly those coldest regions of foot are of interest, because of the reduction of the local autonomic sensing and the lack of achieving properly the passing of the blood.
Highlights
Thermoregulation is the capacity of humans to control their body temperature within certain limits, even if the surrounding temperature varies considerably
Thermoregulation is accomplished by a complex system from the hypothalamus, the hypophysis, the excretory glands, the peripheral nerve system, and up to the different effectors to keep or to dissipate heat [1]
The symmetry of the thermograms, between the left and right feet, is still observed, and the temperature distribution is still decreasing from the medial longitudinal arch to the periphery of the foot
Summary
Thermoregulation is the capacity of humans to control their body temperature within certain limits, even if the surrounding temperature varies considerably It is part of the autonomic central nervous system (CNU) that integrates, via the thermal sensors, temperature from organs and from the environment, so as to maintain the proper temperature of the body or of the organs. Conclusions: An asymmetric thermogram of the plantar skin of diabetic individuals, where one foot is hotter than the other, may mean that the coldest foot is losing the capacity to communicate properly with the central nervous system and/or that vasoconstriction/vasodilatation is having problems in regulating the passing of blood through the vessels. The asymmetric thermograms of diabetic patients, and those coldest regions of foot are of interest, because of the reduction of the local autonomic sensing and the lack of achieving properly the passing of the blood
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