Abstract
1. The method is briefly outlined for calculating the free energy change of ion concentration by living plant cells from the thermodynamic viewpoint, in which ionic strengths and activity coefficients are employed. 2. ForNitella under three different conditions and forValonia under natural conditions, theΔF per mol, the corresponding E.M.F., and theΔF per liter of sap are calculated for each important ion from ionic activities, as well as from molalities. 3. Comparisons are made between the results of the two methods of calculation and the importance of activity considerations is emphasized. 4. Comparisons of these data are made between ions, between plants, and betweenNitella cells under different conditions. 5. Some approximate data onMacrocrystis are given. 6. The radioactive energy of K+ is shown to be inadequate for ion concentration purposes. 7. The approximate amounts of glucose required by the plants to supply energy for ion concentration are given. 8. Electromotive force is discussed as a possible factor in ion concentration.
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