Abstract
This chapter evaluates the thermodynamic description of mixtures. It develops the concept of chemical potential as an example of a partial molar quantity and explores how the chemical potential of a substance is used to describe the physical properties of mixtures. The key idea is that at equilibrium the chemical potential of a species is the same in every phase. By making use of the experimental observations known as Raoult's and Henry's laws, it is possible to express the chemical potential of a substance in terms of its mole fraction in a mixture. The chapter looks at the Gibbs–Duhem equation, as well as ideal–dilute solutions.
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