The thermal tolerance of a tropical population of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) modulates aerobic metabolism during hypoxia.

Abstract

The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a widespread ectothermic species that supports large fisheries. Physiology of temperate and subtropical populations of blue crabs are well studied; however, a lack of information exists on tropical populations. Given the low locomotion capabilities of C. sapidus adult blue crabs, natural selection should favor traits that shape a particular thermal niche reflected through tolerance modulation to dissolved oxygen (DO). This study was designed to evaluate the thermal window and hypoxia sensitivity of the blue crab population in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The effect of acclimation temperatures from 20°C to 34°C on thermal preference (TP), critical thermal limits (CT), and thermal metabolic scope (TMS) was assessed in normoxia. Metabolic rate regulation over oxygen partial pressure (pO2) gradient was evaluated through oxygen consumption measurements at different degrees of acute hypoxia. Callinectes sapidus was observed tending to specialize towards higher temperatures, showing a mean TP from 26°C to 33°C. The lowest performance of aerobic pathways was observed at the coldest regimes and the highest at the warmest ones with mean TMS value being 35 % greater at 34°C than 20°C. Patterns for metabolic regulation were dependent on the interaction between environmental temperature and DO, in which the interval from 29°C to 34°C provoked a 50 % reduction in oxygen consumption when exposed to ∼20% air saturation levels. The results obtained showed that blue crabs distributed in the southern Gulf of Mexico could be close to their oxygen-temperature tolerance limits, which has important implications when climate change effects on species re-distribution is considered.