The Therapy of Osimertinib for EGFR Mutation—Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is still a disease cause of human beings mortality. Lung cancer is divided into numerous kinds, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for up to 85% of cases. KRAS,ALK,HER2, and PD-1 are currently identified targets for NSCLC therapy. And the therapy of lung cancer, molecular-targeted medicines have recently demonstrated encouraging outcomes and NSCLC was treated with a variety of molecular targeted drugs. In NSCLC, EGFR mutations are also quite prevalent. The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the HER receptor family. When epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF) and other ligands combine with EGFR, the downstream signaling pathway is activated, thereby regulating cell growth, proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis. EGFR-TKI-targeted medicines are currently the most common treatment for NSCLC with an EGFR mutation. EGFR-TKI medicines of the first and second generations, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib are used to treat EGFR NSCLC as first-line drugs. However, due to the emergence of medication resistance, a novel EGFR mutation -T790M has emerged. As a result, the EGFR-TKI medication has been upgraded to the third generation. The most representative of the three generations of medicines is osimertinib. It inhibits EGFR growth by targeting both EGFR and T790M mutant sites. Osimertinib also lessens some drug toxicity when compared to earlier first- and second-generation medicines. In this review paper, we will provide background information about EGFR NSCLC and the three generations of medications used to treat it.