The therapeutic potential of the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19.

Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi,Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale,Blessing Seun Ogunpolu,Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi,Yapo Guillaume Aboua,Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi,Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo,Adeolu Alex Adedapo,Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan,Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi,Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju,Emma Thamahane-Katengua,Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi,Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi,Lyndy Joy Mcgaw,Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade,Adebowale Benard Saba,Aduragbenro Deborah Adedapo ,Olufunke Eunice Ola‐Davies ,A.o Aro ,Momoh Audu Yakubu,Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2021.2705-2713

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus has become a global pandemic with unprecedented mortality and morbidity along with attendant financial and economic crises. Furthermore, COVID-19 can easily be transmitted regardless of religion, race, sex, or status. Globally, high hospitalization rates of COVID-19 patients have been reported, and billions of dollars have been spent to contain the pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, which has a significant role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. ACE2 is highly expressed in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs, upper esophagus, stratified epithelial cells, and other tissues in the body. The diminished expressions of ACE2 have been associated with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and immune system dysregulation. Overall, the potential drug candidates that could serve as ACE2 activators or enhance the expression of ACE2 in a disease state, such as COVID-19, hold considerable promise in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews the therapeutic potential and pharmacological benefits of the novel ACE2 in the management of COVID-19 using search engines, such as Google, Scopus, PubMed, and PubMed Central.

Highlights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Further in-depth research on the potential drugs that can serve as activators of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is needed
Recent epidemiological studies have shown that severe respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury are common symptoms of COVID-19 infection

Summary

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was later declared by the WHO as a global pandemic in March 11, 2020. Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/October-2021/18.pdf virus with an extremely high degree of transmissibility. As of June 20, 2021, 177,108,695 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed, including 3,840,223 deaths. In Nigeria, more than 167,206 cases with over 2117 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported. A total number of 163,550 patients have recovered

Objectives

Conclusion