Abstract
New treatments are urgently needed for serious mental illnesses including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. This review proposes that Garcinia mangostana Linn. (mangosteen) pericarp is a possible adjunctive therapeutic agent for these disorders. Research to date demonstrates that neurobiological properties of the mangosteen pericarp are well aligned with the current understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mangosteen pericarp has antioxidant, putative neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and putative mitochondrial enhancing properties, with animal studies demonstrating favorable pharmacotherapeutic benefits with respect to these disorders. This review summarizes evidence of its properties and supports the case for future studies to assess the utility of mangosteen pericarp as an adjunctive treatment option for mood and psychotic disorders.
Highlights
Serious mental illness, generally defined as disorders with psychotic or high severity symptoms, contribute significantly toward disease burden worldwide [1]
One promising avenue of research is in the potential use of nutraceutical agents, as adjunctive therapies, that target biological pathways known to be dysregulated in neuropsychiatric disorders [7]
The salient neurobiological targets that overlap in serious mental illness include; oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction
Summary
Generally defined as disorders with psychotic or high severity symptoms (such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia), contribute significantly toward disease burden worldwide [1]. One promising avenue of research is in the potential use of nutraceutical agents, as adjunctive therapies, that target biological pathways known to be dysregulated in neuropsychiatric disorders [7] This narrative review explores the neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential of an extract derived from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana Linn. There is some evidence to suggest a link between schizophrenia symptoms and mitochondrial pathology in the periphery, for example altered microstructure as well as a decreased density of mitochondria in blood lymphocytes, corresponding to dysregulated energy metabolism [59, 60] Medications targeting mitochondria, such as L-acetylcarnitine [61] and methylene blue [62, 63], have demonstrated therapeutic utility as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. ↓ DPPH free radical scavenging. ↓NG108-15 (water and 50% ethanol superior) ↓ H2O2 Cell death
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