Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary fungal metabolites also known as mycotoxins which are produced by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, particularly Aspergillus flavus. The most common type of AF are AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG1, AFM1 and AFM2. AFs are known to contaminate a large portion of the world’s food supply. AFB1 is the most carcinogenic of AF. AFB1 contamination of agricultural commodities poses a considerable risk to human and livestock health and high economic losses occur in the country crops and animals. Exposure of humans to AF leads to several health-related conditions including acute and chronic aflatoxicosis, immune suppression, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, stunted growth, and many others. One of the causes of AFB1-induced toxicity is oxidative stress, which leads to the improved generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA damage. These radicals initiate a damaging process in biological systems. This review focuses on the metabolic transformation of AFB1 and relates its mechanism of oxidative stress and its effects on animal health.
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