Abstract
After a discussion of the present theory of the thermal EMF of semi-conductors, the theory is extended to non-homogeneous semi-conductors. Its relationship to thermodynamics is discussed and it is then applied to the study of the influence of potential barriers. Further cases are discussed in which the velocity or the concentration of electrons does not conform to a state of thermal equilibrium as in the case of diode-type barriers or for injected current carriers. The results are applied to a discussion of the influence of high temperature gradients. The influence of minority current carriers on thermal EMF is systematically treated. Equations are derived and the magnitudes of certain anomalous effects are estimated. Some of these have not yet been experimentally observed.
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