The theory of neoliberal institutionalism at the beginning of XXI century: International institutions and global governance

Abstract

Neoliberal institutionalism represents the fourth phase in the development of the liberal institutionalism theory. Unlike the previous ones, at this stage of development, theorists focus on international institutions as independent actors in international relations, which are not only the means for the states to realize their national interests, but also influence internal policy in the countries. Ultimately, this leads to seeing the international relations outside the realistic ?self-help principle? as ones defining the behavior of states. The ambiguity in the further positioning of neoliberal institutionalism is regarding the phenomenon of global governance. The global governance is becoming reality. Because of this, states are often forced to act beyond their particular interests, giving priority to solving problems through international institutions. However, this largely does not happen due to state decisions, but thanks to the activities of non-state actors. Although the international politics stay state-centered, nongovernmental organizations and multinational corporations have more influence in overcoming anarchy through global governance and the establishment of rules of the game in certain areas of life. For neoliberal institutionalism, this presents somewhat a challenge. The development of the fourth phase of the liberal institutionalism will depend on future explanations regarding the relation to global governance.