Abstract
Bioimpedance analysis is a noninvasive, low cost and a commonly used approach for body composition measurements and assessment of clinical condition. There are a variety of methods applied for interpretation of measured bioimpedance data and a wide range of utilizations of bioimpedance in body composition estimation and evaluation of clinical status. This paper reviews the main concepts of bioimpedance measurement techniques including the frequency based, the allocation based, bioimpedance vector analysis and the real time bioimpedance analysis systems. Commonly used prediction equations for body composition assessment and influence of anthropometric measurements, gender, ethnic groups, postures, measurements protocols and electrode artifacts in estimated values are also discussed. In addition, this paper also contributes to the deliberations of bioimpedance analysis assessment of abnormal loss in lean body mass and unbalanced shift in body fluids and to the summary of diagnostic usage in different kinds of conditions such as cardiac, pulmonary, renal, and neural and infection diseases.
Highlights
Bioimpedance analysis is a broadly applied approach used in body composition measurements and healthcare assessment systems
Reference methods for estimating total body water (TBW) are based on radioisotopic dilution of deuterium, and for extracellular fluid (ECF) estimation they are based on the dilution of bromide [28] and for intracellular fluid (ICF) they are based on the radioactive potassium isotope, 40K, both elements which are readily diffused in the human body [29,30]
R/H < 563.6 O/m) in the bioimpedance vector analysis method (BIVA) method can be considered as predictors of severity among diseased children, as shown in a study conducted on 332 precarious pediatric patients with multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) [68]
Summary
Bioimpedance analysis is a broadly applied approach used in body composition measurements and healthcare assessment systems. In addition there is a wide spectrum of utilization of bioimpedance in healthcare facilities such as disease prognosis and monitoring of body vital status. With such a broad utilization, we feel that this warrants a review of the most fundamental aspects and healthcare applications of bioimpedance analysis. Thomasset [2] explored the utilization of bioimpedance measurement in total body water estimation using needle electrodes. Nyboer [3] applied quad surface electrode readings for bioimpedance measurements to estimate the fat free mass of the human body. Hoffer [4] introduced the association between total body impedance and total body water content in reference to tritium dilution techniques
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