Abstract
Bile acids have emerged as a new class of signaling molecules that play a role in metabolism. Studies in mice have shown that the bile acid receptor TGR5 mediates several of these effects but the metabolic function of TGR5 in humans is less well established. Here we show that human adipose tissue TGR5 expression is positively correlated to obesity and reduced during diet-induced weight loss. Adipose tissue TGR5 expression was also positively correlated to resting metabolic rate. Our study indicates that human adipose tissue contributes to the TGR5 mediated metabolic effects of bile acids and plays a role in energy expenditure.
Highlights
Bile acids are synthesized in the liver and play a central role in dietary lipid emulsification in the intestine
Since mitochondria play an important role in energy expenditure and nutrient combustion, we investigated the relation between adipose tissue TGR5 expression and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the Sib Pair study
Our main findings are that TGR5 adipose tissue expression is reduced during weight loss, and that it is positively correlated with obesity as well as with resting metabolic rate
Summary
Bile acids are synthesized in the liver and play a central role in dietary lipid emulsification in the intestine. The majority of the secreted bile acids is taken up by the distal parts of the small intestine and return to the liver and the gall bladder via the enterohepatic circulation Beyond their well established function in dietary lipid emulsification, bile acids are signaling molecules with metabolic effects mediated by specific receptors. In 2006, Watanabe et al showed that bile acid administration augmented energy expenditure in mice [3], and that these effects were mediated via the TGR5 and its effects on the thyroid hormone activating enzyme iodothyronine deiodinase type II (DIO2) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). They showed that bile acid treatment of human skeletal myocytes increased both DIO2
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