The TGF-β co-receptor endoglin regulates macrophage infiltration and cytokine production in the irradiated mouse kidney

Abstract

Background and PurposeWe previously showed that mice with reduced levels of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) co-receptor endoglin (Eng+/− mice) develop less fibrosis and vascular damage after kidney irradiation than their wild type (Eng+/+ mice) littermates; however, the underlying mechanism was unclear. Results from current studies suggest that this occurs via modulation of the radiation-induced inflammatory response. Materials and methodsKidneys of Eng+/+ and Eng+/− mice were irradiated with 16Gy. Mice were sacrificed at 20weeks after irradiation and gene expression and protein levels were analyzed. ResultsKidney irradiation triggered the infiltration of macrophages in both Eng+/+ and Eng+/− mice, however, levels of macrophage-produced cytokines interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and interleukin 6 (Il6) were reduced in irradiated Eng+/− compared to Eng+/+ mice. Double immuno-stainings confirmed that IL-6 was produced by macrophages, whereas IL-1β was mainly detected in other cell types. Accordingly, inflammatory cell precursors derived from the bone marrow of Eng+/− mice showed impaired ability to express Il1b and Il6 compared to wild type mice. ConclusionsEndoglin promotes kidney inflammation after irradiation by regulating macrophage infiltration and interleukin production, thereby promoting pathogenic changes after radiation exposure.