Abstract

Oxygen heterocycles are units that are abundant in a great number of marine natural products. Among them, marine polyketides containing tetrahydrofuran rings have attracted great attention within the scientific community due to their challenging structures and promising biological activities. An overview of the most important marine tetrahydrofuran polyketides, with a focused discussion on their isolation, structure determination, approaches to their total synthesis, and biological studies is provided.

Highlights

  • IntroductionAs well, being the oldest ecosystem, marine organisms have evolved for a longer time than terrestrial living beings, and have different and sometimes better mechanisms of defense

  • The interesting properties of some of these metabolites have attracted the attention of the scientific community. As they are usually scarce and difficult to obtain in large amounts, total synthesis has emerged in the last decades as a necessary tool to tackle this problem

  • Amphidinolides belong to the macrolide family and more than forty members have been isolated from marine dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium sp

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Summary

Introduction

As well, being the oldest ecosystem, marine organisms have evolved for a longer time than terrestrial living beings, and have different and sometimes better mechanisms of defense. These are represented by specific compounds, like toxins found in fish and algae and other bioactive substances found in sponges or tunicates. The interesting properties of some of these metabolites have attracted the attention of the scientific community As they are usually scarce and difficult to obtain in large amounts, total synthesis has emerged in the last decades as a necessary tool to tackle this problem. Numerous synthetic approaches to the polyketide family continue to emerge, and here we offer an overview of them

Macrolides
Amphidinolides
Amphidinolide C4
21 Amphidinolide N
Haterumalides and Biselides
Chagosensine
Formosalides
Halichondrins
Iriomoteolides
Mandelalides
Mangromicins
Nonalides
2.1.10. Oscillariolide
2.1.11. Phormidolides
Linear Polyketides
Polycyclic Polyketides
Acetogenin Metabolites
Polyhydroxyl
Asperpentenone
Plakortones
Conclusions

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