Abstract
Recent recognition of the markedly high prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) coupled with the significant morbidity associated with TMJ damage has prompted increased interest in both the clinical and pathological aspects of TMJ arthritis. This review focuses on the prevalence of TMJ arthritis in JIA, the imaging modalities used to detect TMJ arthritis, and the treatment of TMJ arthritis in children with JIA.
Highlights
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children with chronic arthritis was first reported by Still in his initial case series in 1897 [1]
Data from 2 additional series have been recently presented in poster format and support these findings (Table 2). These results suggest that intra-articular steroids (IAS) may have utility in treating TMJ arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the studies were not able to control for systemic medication use or non-treatment related changes that may occur in the TMJ over time
TMJ arthritis has been described in association with all of the JIA types
Summary
TMJ arthritis in children with chronic arthritis was first reported by Still in his initial case series in 1897 [1]. A recent prospective cohort study of children with JIA and healthy controls which reported data on patients and controls at baseline and after 15 years of follow-up found that, there were no difference in TMJ-related symptoms at baseline, after 15 years children with JIA reported a statistically significant higher prevalence of tiredness of the jaw (46%, p = 0.04), pain in face or jaw (39%; p = 0.02), and difficulty in opening their mouth wide (36%; p = 0.02) These children had an increased prevalence of additional symptoms that may be associated with TMJ disease, including tooth clenching, headache, neck pain, shoulder pain, and impaired general health at follow-up [7].
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