The temperature sensitivity of motor units in rat soleus

Abstract

Temperature has a significant impact on the performance of the neuromuscular system and motor control processes. The smallest functional components of these systems are motor units (MUs), which may differ significantly between different muscles. The influence of temperature on the contractile properties of slow-twitch (S) MUs from soleus (SOL) muscles in rats was investigated under hypothermia (25 °C), normothermia (37 °C), and hyperthermia (41 °C). Hypothermia prolonged the twitch time parameters, decreased the rate of force development, increased the twitch-to-tetanus ratio, enhanced twitch force, and abolished post-tetanic depression. In contrast, hyperthermia did not alter twitch time parameters. Moreover, there was no effect on force despite the noted increase in post-tetanic depression and the twitch-to-tetanus ratio. Therefore, hypothermia induced more profound changes in S MUs compared with hyperthermia. The temperature effects in SOL MUs were compared to the effects previously reported for S MUs in the medial gastrocnemius (MG). The major differences between the S MUs of both muscles were the effects of temperature on twitch force, post-tetanic force modulation, twitch-to-tetanus ratio, and the slope of the force-frequency curve under hypothermia. Hyperthermia shortened twitch time parameters solely in the MG. In contrast, post-tetanic depression, twitch-to-tetanus ratio, and the slope of the force-frequency curve were influenced by hyperthermia only in SOL MUs. The different temperature effects of S MUs probably corresponded to differences in muscle architecture and their diverse functional tasks and enzyme activity. In summary, S MUs in SOL are more thermal-sensitive than their counterparts in MG.