THE (Temperature Heterogeneity Energy) Aware Routing Protocol for IoT Health Application

Enas Selem,Sherine M Abd El-Kader,Hamed Nassar,Mohammed Fatehy

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2931868

Abstract

In this paper, we focus on an interesting E-Health monitoring system that efficiently utilizes the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). Wireless body area network (WBAN) composed of a set of target-oriented sensors placed around the human body and transmit its collected data to a coordinator that carries it to some cloud system. WBAN standardized with the newly emerged IEEE802.15.6 with its specifications for Physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers only. Regrettably, the Network layer is not addressed by the standard where it plays an important role in the overall performance. In this paper, we design the temperature heterogeneity energy (THE) aware routing protocol for WBAN as a complement for the standard. “THE” aims to control the temperature raising caused by the on-body sensor and affects the skin comfortableness. In the meantime, “THE” maintains the network in high-performance conditions in terms of long node lifetime and high packet throughput. To fulfill these desired tradeoffs, the sensed data is classified into three data levels with variable transmission priority to each level, namely, emergency (abnormal) data priority 7 (highest priority), critical data priority 6, and normal data assigned priority 5. “THE” protocol is based on a utility function that chooses the WBAN's parent node (PN) that has the largest amount of remaining energy, the highest data rate, the minimum distance to the coordinator, and the minimum sensor's temperature. Hopping the data through the parent node (two-hops) is applicable for the data with normal priority while high priority data (critical and emergency) is transmitted to the coordinator in one-hop only. The proposed “THE” protocol's performance validation performed via Monte Carlo simulation analysis which proves that “THE” protocol achieved better performance against conventional protocols (SIMPLE and iM-SIMPLE) in terms of network lifetime, number of dead nodes, total remaining energy, and throughput.

Highlights

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a set of large number of sensor nodes that are deployed randomly to monitor various tasks
The integration between WSN and Internet of Things (IoT) [7], [8] in many health applications [9], [10] have attained the attention from vast research fields [11] to provide the services to the patients in remote areas with the cheapest cost [12]
Considering the network’s performance side, throughput is an efficient indicator which defined as the average number of packets transmitted successfully from the nodes to the Coordinator Node (CN) as shown in Figure 7 the advantage of the ‘‘temperature heterogeneity energy (THE)’’ protocol over both SIMPLE and iM-SIMPLE protocols in terms of throughput

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a set of large number of sensor nodes that are deployed randomly to monitor various tasks. The replacement can cause to the patient significant inconvenience if the node is on the body, or severe pain if it is in the body (implanted) To alleviate this problem, it is a considerable target to extend the battery lifetime, the conventional works focus on reducing the node energy consumption while we concentrate on optimizing the network performance with consideration for the users’ comfortability in general. The source node uses one or more nodes as relays on the way towards the coordinator node This gives rise to the need for routing protocols for WBANs. networking layers above the MAC layer are not addressed by the IEEE802.15.6 standard. The ‘‘THE’’ protocol proposed aims to fulfill the above four criteria It exploits the priority levels provided by IEEE802.15.6, complementing the standard.

RELATED WORK

EFFECT OF NODE TEMPERATURE TO THE HUMAN SKIN

Findings

CONCLUSION