Abstract
The variation of surface free energy, γ, with crystallographic orientation has been measured over the temperature range 920 °C–1500 °C, using the twin boundary groove technique. The anisotropy of surface free energy decreases with increasing temperature, and faceting to {111} and {100} was observed over parts of the temperature range studied. The results are compared with the Gruber-Mull ins theory and discrepancies between theory and experiment are attributed in part of early roughening of complex surfaces. It is suggested that surface “melting” begins at about 1230 °C, the {100} surfaces “melt” at about 1350 °C and that the {111} surfaces remain atomically smooth up to at least 1600 °C and probably to the lattice melting point.
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