The technological balance of payments as an indicator of technology transfer in OECD countries. The case of Italy

Abstract

In this paper the technological balance of payments (TBP) is considered as an indicator of international technology transfer. A description is given of the procedures currently used in Italy for the statistical recording of currency transactions related to TBP and to non-connected technical assistance, together with the results of a survey for the twofold purpose of evaluating the technological content of the data survey operations and in order to propose modifications to the survey questionnaire. The presentation and analysis of the latest data available on the Italian TBP, as well as that of other OECD countries, is followed by an illustration of the results of a study in which transactions for patents, licences, know-how and technical assistance are analysed in a broader context of international technology transfer, together with those referring to plant, machinery, raw materials and intermediate products. The paper also contains a discussion of the modifications made by the Italian Exchange Office to the statistical survey method, as well as of the recommendations contained in the TBP Manual used by the OECD for the purpose of enhancing data compatibility at the international level. Lastly, several considerations are made concerning the impact of methodological changes and the opening up of European markets on the capacity of TBP to provide indications of use to businessmen and scholars in interpreting the complex phenomenon of technology transfer.