Abstract
Since the birth of the first IVF baby, Louise Brown, in 1978, researchers and clinicians have sought ways to improve pregnancy outcomes through embryo selection. In the 1990s, blastomere biopsy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were developed in human embryos for the assessment of aneuploidy and translocations. Limitations in the number of chromosomes that could be assayed with FISH lead to the development of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH); however, pregnancy rates overall were not improved. The later development of trophectoderm biopsy with comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) technologies, as well as the subsequent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), have shown much greater promise in improving pregnancy and live birth rates. Recently, many studies are focusing on the utilization of non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing (niPGT) in an effort to assess embryo ploidy without exposing embryos to additional interventions.
Highlights
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have become an increasingly common treatment modality for patients suffering from infertility
[28] The authors of this study found that there was no benefit of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT)-A in patients
In the analysis of all participants, no difference in ongoing pregnancy rate at 20 weeks was observed between the PGT-A arm compared to morphology alone when analyzed per embryo transfer (50% vs. 46%) or per intention to treat at the time of randomization (41.8% vs. 43.5%)
Summary
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have become an increasingly common treatment modality for patients suffering from infertility. Since the birth of Louise Brown in 1978—the first successful live birth with the use of IVF—researchers and clinicians have continually sought to develop technological advancements to improve pregnancy and live birth rates [3] It is well-known that a woman’s chance of live birth with her own eggs decreases with age. PGT has become one of the principal modalities utilized by fertility clinics for embryo selection Other technological advancements, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), improvements in embryo culture techniques, and the advent of embryo vitrification, have undoubtedly improved outcomes as well and have in part allowed for the increasingly successful developments in PGT over the years [5]. This review will focus on the evolution of PGT-A, and current emerging technologies that may supplement or, supplant those currently used
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