The Technical and Industrial Challenges Faced by Fuel Cells—A Case Study of PEMFC And SOFC

Abstract

Fuel cells are a proficient and environmental technology that directly transmutes chemical energy into electrical energy. Within this domain, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are at the forefront of small-scale applications and industrial power generation, respectively. The efficacy and economic feasibility of PEMFCs are contingent upon key components, such as the proton exchange membrane and mass transport layers. Consequently, contemporary research is geared towards the optimization of these components to augment performance while concurrently mitigating costs. Conversely, the operational capacity of SOFCs at elevated temperatures has spurred research efforts aimed at material enhancement and the diversification of applications. These advancements encompass the integration of additives, the exploration of novel membrane fabrication methodologies, and the development of innovative structural designs for fuel cells. Although there have been progressive strides in the realm of hydrogen-powered vehicles and fuel cell power plants, their assimilation into the market has been somewhat languid, with commercialization still facing a myriad of challenges. Notwithstanding these hurdles, it is anticipated that with the ongoing evolution of technology and a concomitant reduction in costs, fuel cells will persist as a pivotal component in the quest for energy cleanliness and efficiency.