Abstract
ABSTRACTIntroduction: The T-loop as designed by Burstone is a space closure spring used in the rational application of orthodontic biomechanics. Despite the diversity of studies, there is still no consensus on the optimal parametric characteristics for its conformation. Objective: This study aimed at reviewing the literature on the force systems released by different conformations of the T-loop, according to the type of anchorage and the main characteristics and factors that influence them. Results: Comparing the studies, the need for standardization was perceived in the methodology to shape the loops, regarding the variables that influence the force system. Most of the experimental studies with this loop do not report the vertical movement, nor the steps and angles that occur in the brackets. Clinical studies have obtained more variable results in relation to vertical acting forces, considering the influence of chewing. Conclusion: There is great potential for future studies with this type of loop, especially using nickel-titanium alloys, in order to achieve a pure translational movement without friction, with optimal and constant levels of force.
Highlights
The T-loop as designed by Burstone is a space closure spring used in the rational application of orthodontic biomechanics
Orthodontic movement is defined by the effect of the force system on the tooth and the consequent responses of the adjacent structures.[1]
Manharstberger et al[13] (1989) found different values of force systems in different preactivations than Martins et al[20] (2008) and Caldas et al[17] (2011), all agree that higher moment-to-force ratio (M/F) ratios and lower magnitudes of force occur in the curvature group.[13,17,20]
Summary
The T-loop as designed by Burstone is a space closure spring used in the rational application of orthodontic biomechanics. Other studies did not report force at 0mm of activation.[2,18] The ideal, when adding preactivation, is to distribute the angular bends between the occlusal and apical portions of the loop, decreasing the possibility of the legs crossing.
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