Abstract
Mycetoma is a devastating neglected tropical infection of the subcutaneous tissue and most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Treatment of mycetoma consists of a combination of a long term antifungal treatment with itraconazole and surgery. However, treatment is associated with low success rates. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel treatments for mycetoma. CIN-102 is a synthetic partial copy of cinnamon oils with activity against many pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this study we determined the in vitro activity of CIN-102 against 21 M. mycetomatis isolates and its in vivo efficacy in a M. mycetomatis infected Galleria mellonella larval model. In vitro, CIN-102 was active against M. mycetomatis with MICs ranging from 32 μg/mL to 512 μg/mL. 128 μg/mL was needed to inhibit the growth in 50% of tested isolates. In vivo, concentrations below the MIC of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg CIN-102 prolonged larval survival, but higher concentrations of CIN-102 did not.
Highlights
Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous infection of the subcutaneous tissue which eventually leads to destruction of deep tissue and bone [1]
Mycetoma is a tropical infection causing large tumorous lesions on mainly the foot. This infection is most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis
Mycetoma is treated with antifungal agents and surgery but with low success rates
Summary
Granulomatous infection of the subcutaneous tissue which eventually leads to destruction of deep tissue and bone [1]. The infection is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and can be caused by either bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma). The fungus Madurella mycetomatis is the most common causative agent world-wide [2]. For actinomycetoma success rates up to 90% are achieved when treated with antibiotics [1,3]. Treatment of eumycetoma results in recurrence rates of 25–50%, often with greater complications, and the need for amputation in up to a quarter of patients [4,5]. In order to improve treatment, there is a need to identify novel compounds with activity against fungal mycetoma causative agents
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