Abstract
An important goal in environmental research for industrial activity and sites is the investigation and development of effective adsorbents for chemical pollutants that are widespread, inexpensive, unharmful to the environment, and have the required adsorption selectivity. Organoclays are adsorption materials that can be obtained by modifying clays and clay minerals with various organic compounds through intercalation and surface grafting. Organoclays have important practical applications as adsorbents of a wide range of organic pollutants and some inorganic contaminants. The traditional raw materials for the synthesis of organoclays are phyllosilicates with the expanding structural cell of the smectite group, such as montmorillonite. Moreover, other phyllosilicates and inosilicates are used to synthesize organoclay to a limited extent. The purpose of this review was to analyze the possibility of using minerals of other groups with different abilities to expand the structure and structural charge for the adsorption of chemical environmental pollutants. The structural characteristics of various groups of phyllosilicates and chain minerals that affect their ability to modify organic surfactants and the adsorption properties of prepared organoclays were reviewed.
Highlights
The properties of phyllosilicate clay minerals, such as great specific surface area, chemical stability, variable expansibility, reactive functional groups, and surface charge make them perfect adsorbents for a wide range of environmental pollutants [1,2,3].The advantages of clays as adsorbents are related to the following: they are naturally widespread, commonly nontoxic, mined, and relatively cheap materials
Long-chain ions of alkylammonium and quaternary ammonium can display a pseudothree-layer arrangement (Figure 2), that is, the positive surface-active groups are tied to the silicate layers, while the alkyl chains accept the trimolecular arrangement with bends
Long-chain ions of alkylammonium and quaternary ammonium can display a pseudo-three-layer arrangement (Figure 2), that is, the positive surface-active groups are tied to the silicate layers, while the alkyl chains accept the trimolecular arrangement with bends
Summary
The properties of phyllosilicate (layered) clay minerals, such as great specific surface area, chemical stability, variable expansibility, reactive functional groups, and surface charge make them perfect adsorbents for a wide range of environmental pollutants [1,2,3]. Most clay minerals’ outer and inner surface is hydrophilic and polar, resulting in high affinities towards low and high-molecular, mainly cationic, substances Their anionic substance-adsorbing capacity is low: less than 5 cmol/kg for smectites [7] and not more than 2 cmol/kg for kaolinites [8]. Most studies on the synthesis and analysis of the properties of organoclays are focused on the swelling 2:1 structure clay minerals of the smectite group. In this context, the features of surfactant interactions with other groups of clay minerals and organoclays’. Our review describes the sorption properties of organoclays based on clay minerals with different capacities of expansion and surface charge relative to a wide range of chemical pollutants
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
