The Synthesis of Ag/TiO2 via the DC Magnetron Sputtering Method and Its Application in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Na2SO4 Solution

Abstract

TiO2 and TiO2 films modified with Ag (Ag/TiO2) were prepared via the DC magnetron sputtering method and the degree of modification was controlled via the sputtering power and time of Ag. The microstructures and properties of these films were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the prepared films have an anatase structure. Compared with pure TiO2, Ag deposition can improve the utilization of light. The three-dimensional images of Ag/TiO2 clearly show that with the increase in Ag sputtering power and sputtering time, Ag particles on the surface of the film gradually increase, and the structure of the film is relatively dense. The photocatalytic effect of Ag/TiO2 films is the best when the Ag sputtering power is 5 W and the sputtering time is 50 s. Under high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) in pure MO solution with Ag/TiO2-5 W-50 s can reach 100% within 55 min, whereas that in MO-Na2SO4 mixed solution can reach 99.55% within 65 min. The results suggest that the presence of Na2SO4 in MO solution can inhibit the degradation of MO using Ag/TiO2, the result of XPS suggests that Na2SO4 accelerates the oxidation of Ag, which may lead to an increase in the recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and a decrease in the degradation rate. During the process of recycling photocatalysts, the degradation rate of MO was apparently reduced. A possible reason is that the Ag particles have been oxidized and products of photocatalytic degradation are on the surface of the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism was studied.