Abstract
The synthesis of α-ZrP with a range of crystallinity is of high importance due to the different requirements in various applications. Nanosized crystalline α-ZrP is typically obtained by refluxing amorphous ZrP in concentrated H3PO4 solutions. Microcrystalline α-ZrP are obtained by direct precipitation in the presence of either HF or oxalic acid which are used as complexing agents for zirconium. These larger crystals are useful as ion-exchangers in column-type applications as the back pressure can be significantly reduced. A novel minimalistic synthesis that is green, simple and fast is highlighted in this review. Both nano-sized and micro-sized α-ZrP can be prepared via this protocol to meet many potential applications. Applications of α-ZrP in ion-exchange, catalysis, lubricants, intercalation hosts, polymer fillers and fire retardants are discussed.
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