The Synoptic Relationship Between Days of Thermal Extremes and Pressure Systems During the Year 2020 in Iraq (Baghdad as An Example)

Abstract

Temperature is one of the most important elements of weather and climate that directly and indirectly affects other weather and climatic phenomena. The study aims to daily detect thermal extreme days during the year 2020 over the months of the year for the maximum temperature (hot extreme days) at the Baghdad Climatic Station as well. The pressure systems varied in their strength or shallowness in each case. The study concluded that the number of days (cases) of thermal extremes during one month, with one day being unique in recording the highest or lowest extreme values, according to the prevailing lows or highs in the atmosphere, as the maximum extremes in the average maximum temperature (extreme hot days) during the study year were evident on the twenty-eighth day of July at a rate of (51.8) °C, followed by the high temperature extremes on the thirtieth day of the month. August, around (47.3)°C, and the cause of the extremes on the two days mentioned was the strongest pressure system controlling Iraq’s climate during the summer months, represented by the Indian seasonal low, and its deep appearance at the level of 850 millibars, accompanied by tropical air in the middle of the troposphere, that is, at the level of 500 millibars, in the form of a dent or barrier. My pressure, which increases the severity of the daily thermal extremes for that month, citing in our study the daily weather maps on each thermally extreme day.