The synergy of renewable energies for sustainable energy systems development in oil-rich nations; case of Iran

Abstract

Dealing with the challenge requires appropriate planning. So as of energy intensity and the environment situation in Iran the energy systems planning is essential. About 92.4% of electricity in Iran is produced by fossil fuels in thermal power plants and has significant share for creating air pollution. Diversification of energy resources is a solution to improve the energy security and reduce environmental risks through the transition to renewable electricity generation. This study has been done by resource feasibility, scenario design and energy modelling to predict the supply and demand of electricity and aims to investigate the benefits of introducing renewables in Iran energy system. Identifying 92 potential areas, prioritizing resources, and estimating capacity by 2035 to synergize the share of renewables is the result of the feasibility section. By evaluating the potentials, the solar with 64,730 MW will have the highest power potential and the wind with 51,110 MW is the next. In modelling section, the electricity generated by renewable energies by the year 2035 is equal to 83.73 TW h in REN scenario, which is almost 11.93% of the total electricity produced but in the BAU scenario, this share is equal to 2.38%. The reduction in fuel consumption in the REN scenario compared to the BAU scenario is also equal to 82.97 MtOe, which would result in a reduction in emissions of equivalent to 221.54 MtCO2e. These are the only benefits of using 30% of the renewables potential, and if more attention is paid, it is definitely the most effective way to develop sustainable energy system.