The synergy of gadolinium vanadate/acid functionalized carbon nanofiber for effective determination of anti-psychotic drug chlorpromazine hydrochloride in human serum sample

Abstract

Psychotropic medications were widely prescribed to deal with neuroleptics but prolonged usage or overdosage of these medicines may end up in brain shrinkage along with irreversible antipsychotic disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to quantitatively detect such medications to prevent potential harm. An effective electrochemical technique was used to detect chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ-HCl). This study details the synthesis of GdVO4/f-CNF through a reliable hydrothermal procedure. The focus was on understanding the structural and crystallographic characteristics, as well as gaining insights into the morphology of the electrode modifier, to comprehend their impact on the overall electrochemical system. The GdVO4/f-CNF nanocomposite's element combination generates non-linear cumulative effects makes the nanocomposite an effective transducer with an enhanced surface. The enhancement is achieved through integrated redox cycling, primarily characterized by anodic response, resulting in analyte regeneration and an amplified output signal. The electrocatalytic behavior was optimized by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique, and validated by the sensitive differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) approach, used to assess the accuracy. From the validation study, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) have been calculated as 6.18 µA µM−1 cm−2 and 38.5 nM. Finally, the fabricated sensor was successfully tested in human serum samples for practicability application. Overall, this research provides a valuable contribution to the field by offering an advanced and reliable method for the electrochemical detection of psychotropic medications, addressing a critical need for the safety and well-being of individuals undergoing such treatments.