The synergistic effect of Ti and Nb in TiNbC leads to enhanced anode performance for Na-ion batteries - first-principles calculations

Abstract

Currently, MXenes have been identified as promising candidate electrode materials for Na-ion batteries because of their excellent energy storage and electrical conductivity. Among them, dual transition metal MXenes have attracted attention due to their excellent properties as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. In order to explore the reason why dual transition metal MXenes outperform single transition metal MXenes, we systemically investigated and compared the performance of TiNbC-based dual transition metal MXenes (TiNbC, TiNbCF2, and TiNbCO2) with that of Nb2C-based single transition metal MXenes (Nb2C, Nb2CF2, and Nb2CO2) as anode materials for Na-ion batteries based density functional theory calculations. The results showed that TiNbC, TiNbCO2, Nb2C, and Nb2CO2 are promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries due to the low diffusion barrier and high capacity of Na on their surfaces. Compared with the Nb2C-based single transition metal MXenes, the TiNbC-based dual transition metal MXenes have better adsorption performance, diffusion rate, and theoretical storage of Na atoms. The higher adsorption ability of TiNbC and TiNbCO2 to Na atoms was attributed to the synergistic effect of Ti and Nb which increases the interaction between the substrate and Na. This conclusion provides a new insight for the development of other high-performance MXenes-based anode materials for Na-ion batteries.