Abstract
BackgroundThis study was aimed to determine the potency of Minocycline (MIN) and azoles, including itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR) and posaconazole (POS) against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species.ResultsThis study revealed that MIN exhibited no significant antifungal activity against any of the tested strains, whereas in vitro combination of MIN with ITR, VOR or POS showed satisfactory synergistic effects against 8 (80%), 1 (10%), and 9 (90%) strains, respectively. Moreover, combined use of MIN with azoles decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range from 5.33–16 μg/ml to 1–16 μg/ml for ITR, from 0.42–16 μg/ml to 0.21–16 μg/ml for VOR, and from 1.33–16 μg/ml to 0.33–16 μg/ml for POS. Meanwhile, no antagonistic interactions were observed between the above combinations. The G. mellonella infection model demonstrated the in vivo synergistic antifungal effect of MIN and azoles.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that combinations between MIN and azoles lead to synergistic antimicrobial effects on Scedosporium and Lomentospora species, while showing a potential for overcoming and preventing azole resistance.
Highlights
The incidence of fungal infections is increasing year by year
Liu et al showed that Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are highly resistant to antifungal drugs, highlighting the need for alternative treatment modalities [8]
A recent study showed that Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum were well tolerated by POS in combination with terbinafine [9]
Summary
The incidence of fungal infections is increasing year by year. Azoles, including itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR) and posaconazole (POS), are an earlier class of drugs used to treat fungal infections [6]. The prevalence of Scedosporium and Lomentospora species is increasing, posing a serious threat to the effectiveness of antifungal drugs [7]. Liu et al showed that Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are highly resistant to antifungal drugs, highlighting the need for alternative treatment modalities [8]. A recent study showed that Lomentospora prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum were well tolerated by POS in combination with terbinafine [9]. This study was aimed to determine the potency of Minocycline (MIN) and azoles, including itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR) and posaconazole (POS) against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species
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