The synergetic effect of α-hydroxycarbonyls mixtures used as green reducing agent on the indigo dyeing process

Abstract

Textile Industries use different chemicals in dyeing processes, consuming large quantities of water and producing large volumes of wastewater. For the particular case of indigo dyeing processes, its reduction is performed chemically by the addition of sodium dithionite. However, this is considered environmentally unfavorable because of the resulting contaminated wastewaters. Therefore, it is important to replace sodium dithionite with other alternatives in order to achieve cleaner processes. ?-hydroxycarbonyls have been suggested as possible environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce indigo. However, each one applied alone is enable to attain the dyeing performances offered by the conventional reductant. Thus , the study of the synergy of some selected ?-hydroxycarbonyls was proposed. In this paper, a mixture design of experimental (DOE) methods was used to determine the optimum combination of ?-hydrxycarbonyls to be applied in the indigo reduction process. Based on the design expert software, quadratic models were established as functions of ?-hydroxycarbonyls proportions. The diagnostics of models were investigated by using mixture contour plots. Finally, a model was proposed to predict the optimum conditions leading to dyeing performances exceeding those obtained from the reduction of indigo by the conventional sodium dithionite.