Abstract
ObjectivesBone regeneration is a complex process modulated by multiple growth factors and hormones during long regeneration period; thus, designing biomaterials with the capacity to deliver multiple bioactive molecules and obtain sustained release has gained an increasing popularity in recent years. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on bone regeneration.Materials and methodsThe core‐shell electrospun fibres were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning technology, which were composed of poly‐D, L‐lactide (PLA) shell and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) core embedded with BMP‐2 and DEX‐loaded micelles. Morphology, hydrophilicity, gradation, release profile of BMP‐2 and DEX, and cytological behaviour on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were characterized. Furthermore, the effect on bone regeneration was evaluated via critical‐sized calvarial defect model.ResultsThe electrospun fibres were featured by the core‐shell fibrous architecture and a suitable degradation rate. The sustained release of DEX and BMP‐2 was up to 562 hours. The osteogenic gene expression and calcium deposition of BMSCs were significantly enhanced, indicating the osteoinduction capacity of electrospun fibres. This core‐shell fibre could accelerate repair of calvarial defects in vivo via synergistic effect.ConclusionsThis core‐shell electrospun fibre loaded with DEX and BMP‐2 can act synergistically to enhance bone regeneration, which stands as a strong potential candidate for repairing bone defects.
Highlights
The repair of bone defects generated by trauma, tumour and congenital malformation remains a long-standing challenge
The bioactive molecule–loaded fibrous meshes fabricated through electrospinning technology, with fibre diameters ranging from several nanometres to a few micrometres and featured by an interconnected microporosity,[13-15] have exhibited a great potential in bone tissue engineering.[16]
The dexamethasone (DEX), a hydrophobic bioactive molecule commonly used in bone tissue engineering, is able to promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).[21,22]
Summary
The repair of bone defects generated by trauma, tumour and congenital malformation remains a long-standing challenge. The bioactive molecule–loaded fibrous meshes fabricated through electrospinning technology, with fibre diameters ranging from several nanometres to a few micrometres and featured by an interconnected microporosity,[13-15] have exhibited a great potential in bone tissue engineering.[16]. Loading multiple bioactive molecules to the construct has been considered as an effective way to promote bone tissue regeneration. The dexamethasone (DEX), a hydrophobic bioactive molecule commonly used in bone tissue engineering, is able to promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).[21,22]. The superiorities of the core-shell electrospun fibre, characterized by controllable release barriers (shell) and a sustainable release profile of bioactive molecules, are supposed to be a strong candidate to simultaneously load both BMP-2 and DEX and achieve a long-term sustainable release.[12,18]. A dual-bioactive molecule (BMP-2 and DEX)–loaded core-shell fibrous mesh was fabricated by the coaxial electrospinning technique. The osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis of this core-shell fibrous mesh were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo
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