The Symbiotic Effect of a New Nutraceutical with Yeast β-Glucan, Prebiotics, Minerals, and Silybum marianum (Silymarin) for Recovering Metabolic Homeostasis via Pgc-1α, Il-6, and Il-10 Gene Expression in a Type-2 Diabetes Obesity Model.

Aline Boveto Santamarina,Juliana Alves De Camargo,Soraia Katia Pereira Costa,Gilson Masahiro Murata,Flavia Neto De Jesus,Victor Nehmi Filho,Daniela Rodrigues De Oliveira,José Pinhata Otoch,Jéssica Alves De Freitas,Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira,Ruan Carlos Macêdo Moraes,Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa,Anderson Romério Azevedo Cerqueira,Luiz Roberto Britto,Danielle Araujo De Miranda

doi:10.3390/antiox11030447

Aline Boveto Santamarina, Juliana Alves De Camargo + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030447

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Abstract

The use of natural products and derivatives for the prevention and control of non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and hepatic steatosis is a way to achieve homeostasis through different metabolic pathways. Thus, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: high-fat diet (HFD) vehicle, HFD + Supplemented, HFD + Supplemented_S, and isolated compounds. The vehicle and experimental formulations were administered orally by gavage once a day over the four weeks of the diet (28 consecutive days). We evaluated the energy homeostasis, cytokines, and mitochondrial gene expression in these groups of mice. After four weeks of supplementation, only the new nutraceutical group (HFD + Supplemented) experienced reduced fasting glycemia, insulin, HOMA index, HOMA-β, dyslipidemia, ectopic fat deposition, and hepatic fibrosis levels. Additionally, the PPARγ coactivator 1 α (Pgc-1α), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and interleukin-10 (Il-10) gene expression were augmented, while hepatic steatosis decreased and liver parenchyma was recovered. The glutathione-S-transferase activity status was found to be modulated by the supplement. We discovered that the new nutraceutical was able to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis mainly by regulating IL-6, IL-10, and Pgc-1α gene expression.

Highlights

Nowadays, the search for non-pharmacological health-promoting supplements is a trend
It is noteworthy that the high-fat diet (HFD) + Supplemented group had significantly less weight gain from the third week onward compared to the other groups receiving the HFD diet
Our results have shown a symbiotic effect between β-glucan yeast, prebiotic, minerals, and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc-1α, TFAM, SIRT), inflammation (NFκB), and antioxidant enzymes (SOD), which recovered glycemic and lipid homeostasis and reduced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in an obese mouse model

Summary

Introduction

The search for non-pharmacological health-promoting supplements is a trend. Treatment and prevention has been growing as a research field in recent decades, aiming to promote a long lifespan and better quality of life over time. In this sense, the use of conventional medications has given way to the growth of natural integrative therapies with few side effects, using food supplements and nutraceuticals [1,2]. Its multifactorial etiology involves genetic and environmental factors, such as an unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle [6] It is well-established that the consumption of a high-fat diet contributes to the development of several non-communicable chronic diseases, including

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