Abstract
SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) play important roles in the regulation of transcription, cell cycle, DNA replication, repair, and hormone signaling in eukaryotes. The core of SWI/SNF CRCs composed of a SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, a SNF5 and two of SWI3 subunits is sufficient for execution of nucleosome remodeling in vitro. The Arabidopsis genome encodes four SWI2/SNF2 ATPases, four SWI3, a single SNF5 and two SWP73 subunits. Genes of the core SWI/SNF components have critical but not fully overlapping roles during plant growth, embryogenesis, and sporophyte development. Here we show that the Arabidopsis swi3c mutant exhibits a phenotypic reversion when grown at lower temperature resulting in partial restoration of its embryo, root development and fertility defects. Our data indicates that the swi3c mutation alters the expression of several genes engaged in low temperature responses. The location of SWI3C-containing SWI/SNF CRCs on the ICE1, MYB15 and CBF1 target genes depends on the temperature conditions, and the swi3c mutation thus also influences the transcription of several cold-responsive (COR) genes. These findings, together with genetic analysis of swi3c/ice1 double mutant and enhanced freezing tolerance of swi3c plants illustrate that SWI/SNF CRCs contribute to fine-tuning of plant growth responses to different temperature regimes.
Highlights
The SWI/SNF class of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs), a prototype of which was first described in yeast, are conserved from fungi to plants and mammals
Lower Temperature Alleviates Phenotypic Defects Caused by Mutations of the SWI3C Core Subunit Gene of Arabidopsis SWI/SNF CRC
We previously observed that reducing the ambient temperature to 14–16 ◦C substantially improved the fertility of the swi3c mutant, which displayed an enhanced elongation of siliques containing viable seeds [12]
Summary
The SWI/SNF class of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs), a prototype of which was first described in yeast, are conserved from fungi to plants and mammals. SWI/SNF CRCs control basic regulatory processes, such as transcription, cell cycle, replication, carcinogenesis, hormone-dependent gene expression, stress response etc. (for review see: [1]) For their full basic remodeling activity in vitro, the SWI/SNF complexes require a catalytic subunit, the Snf2-type ATPase, as well as a single SNF5 and two SWI3-type subunits, which together compose the core chromatin remodeling complex [2]. The Arabidopsis genome encodes four SWI2/SNF2-type ATPases (BRM, SYD, CHR12/MINU1, and CHR23/MINU2; [3,4,5,6]), a single SNF5-type (BSH; [7]) and four SWI3 subunits (SWI3A, B, C, D; [8]). The Arabidopsis core SWI/SNF subunits play important roles in the control of developmental and signaling processes [1]
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