Abstract
BackgroundMoral distress has been described as an emotionally draining condition caused by being prevented from providing care according to one’s convictions. Studies have described the impact of moral distress on healthcare professionals, their situations and experiences. The Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) is a questionnaire that measures moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals at three levels: patient, system and team. The aim of this project was to translate and make a cultural adaption of the MMD -HP to the Swedish context.MethodsThe questionnaire comprises 27 items, rated according to frequency and intensity on a five-point Likert scale (0–4). The procedure for translating MMD-HP followed WHO guidelines (2020). These entailed a forward translation from English to Swedish, a back translation, expert panel validation, pretesting and cognitive face-to-face interviews with 10 healthcare professionals from various professions and healthcare contexts.ResultsThe Swedish version of MMD-HP corresponds essentially to the concept of the original version. Parts of some items’ had to be adjusted or removed in order to make the item relevant and comprehensible in a Swedish context. Overall, the cognitive interviewees recognized the content of the items which generally seemed relevant and comprehensible.ConclusionThe Swedish version of MMD-HP could be a useful tool for measuring moral distress among healthcare professionals in a Swedish healthcare context.
Highlights
Moral distress has been described as an emotionally draining condition caused by being prevented from providing care according to one’s convictions
Moral distress among healthcare professionals has been studied in various healthcare contexts including oncology [10], palliative care [3], psychiatry [11], pediatric care [12], surgical and medical care [13], emergency [14] and intensive care [15,16,17]
The Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) was developed by Epstein et al [39] and has a factor structure at a (1) system level, (2) patient level, (3) team level related to colleagues and (4) team level related to patients
Summary
Moral distress has been described as an emotionally draining condition caused by being prevented from providing care according to one’s convictions. The Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) is a questionnaire that measures moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals at three levels: patient, sys‐ tem and team. The aim of this project was to translate and make a cultural adaption of the MMD -HP to the Swedish context. Moral distress was described by Jameton [1] as a condition with painful feelings of frustration, anger and anxiety caused by being prevented from providing care in accordance with one’s moral convictions. Hospital social workers experienced moral distress when patients were not provided with an adequate service. [24]
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