Abstract
Western Australia is Australia’s largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world with climate ranging from tropical monsoonal in the far north, Mediterranean in the south-west and semi-arid to desert in the rest. While it is well known that colonial Australia was founded as a penal colony on a Sydney beach in 1788, it is less known that the first free Australian colony, the Swan River Colony, was founded only 41 years later on the other side of the continent. This chapter outlines the environmental conditions faced by the colonists and the history of colonisation.
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