The Sustainability of EU Labor Immigration in Terms of Poverty Inequalities and Employment

Eva Ivanová,Eva Grmanová

doi:10.3390/su13042265

Abstract

The basic feature of developed economies is a high economic growth rate, which creates the preconditions for a high living standard of population based on high incomes from economic activities. Development processes in advanced economies also include changes in demographic development, resulting in population structure changes, as well as labor force structure changes caused by birth rates reduction and life expectancy increase and an aging process. Due to the high standard of living in European developed countries, they are becoming attractive to less developed countries, having a surplus of labor that migrates to work with a vision of increasing living standards and quality of life. The workforce does not always find full employment here in terms of qualifications, leading to social inequalities between the domestic population and immigrants for whom the social situation poses a risk of poverty. The goal of the article is to determine the specifics of inequalities between the domestic and immigrant population in terms of social status in individual EU countries. Immigrants coming out of the EU are significantly at higher risk of poverty. In most EU countries, the employment rate in the group “nationals” is lower than in the group “foreign” from the EU.

Highlights

The current international division of labor development level increases the intensity of international trade in goods and the interconnection of world economies, accompanied by the emergence and development of international financial markets
We deal with the inequality between the domestic and immigrant populations in the area of poverty risk in EU countries
We have analyzed the specifics of individual EU countries, the development of changes that occurred in inequalities between the two groups in terms of poverty and employment, along with their dynamics and convergence trends

Summary

Introduction

The current international division of labor development level increases the intensity of international trade in goods and the interconnection of world economies, accompanied by the emergence and development of international financial markets. Common goals and interests link states into integration groups. These trends are highlighted by globalization processes, being accompanied by a high degree of technological progress, electronization and digitization of economic activities in all economically developed countries in European. One of the four freedoms which exists within the European Union, is the free movement of workers. Freedom of movement for workers has been one of the founding principles of the EU since its inception It is laid down in Article 45 of the TF EU and is a fundamental right of workers, complementing the free movement of goods, capital and services within the European single market [1]

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