Abstract
Extremely and very preterm infants(EPI and VPI) have high mortality and morbidity mainly caused by their lung immaturity and easy to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Antenatal and postnatal respiratory management strategies are associated with their survival and long term outcomes.Antenatal steroids, surfactant therapy and ventilation strategies have shown the potential to improving the outcomes of EPI and VPI.Non-invasive ventilation especially continuous positive airway pressure started at or soon after birth with subsequent selective surfactant administration may be considered as an alternative to routine intubation with prophylactic or early surfactant administration in such preterm infants.New strategies of ventilation such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation, neutrally adjusted ventilator assist and volume targeted ventilation will be explored. Key words: Extremely preterm infants; Very preterm infants; Mortality; Respiratory management
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