Abstract
The surface tension of aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose has been measured using the pendant drop method. Hydroxypropyl cellulose samples with molecular weights greater than 100,000 gave a steady-state surface tension of 42.4 ± 1.0 mN/m for all concentrations ranging from 2 ppm to 32% by weight. Samples of lower MW hydroxypropyl cellulose also gave this surface tension at all but the lowest (<10 ppm) concentrations. The changes in surface tension with time were compared with the rates of diffusion of the solutes, which were measured interferometrically. At low solute concentrations, surface tension-time curves followed a sigmoidal pattern, with a well-defined induction period. An equation, formally similar to the Avrami equation for the nucleation and growth of crystalline phases, was found to correlate the changes in surface tension with time, solute concentration, and solute diffusion rates.
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