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https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(74)90174-6
Copy DOIJournal: Acta Metallurgica | Publication Date: Mar 1, 1974 |
Citations: 14 |
Electron probe micro-analysis and an electrolytic sectioning technique have been used to study the surface segregation of manganese and nickel in Fe-1% Mn, Fe-1% Ni and Fe-1% Mn-1% Ni alloys during annealing in the temperature range 260–760°C. Annealing at and above 590°C causes Mn, but not Ni, to segregate into an enriched surface zone typically 1–2 μm thick underlain by an Mn-depleted zone. The characteristics of the segregation are consistent with a non-equilibrium segregation model which predicts that when solute-vacancy binding energy is low and solute diffusivity is higher than solvent diffusivity, then solute enrichment occurs in the vicinity of vacancy sources. In the case of these alloys it is believed that during annealing in the temperature range where FeO is the predominant oxide, the occurrence of oxidation creates a vacancy flux inward from the surface, thereby allowing high diffusivity solute such as Mn to segregate to the surface. Since Ni diffusion occurs at about the same rate as does Fe self-diffusion, the surface segregation of Ni does not occur.
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