Abstract
One of the major hurdles of the high Ni content layered oxides (NLOs) in making lithium-ion batteries is their low cycling stability, especially for the NLOs with Ni content ≥ 60%; such NLOs have clear drawbacks including severely fading capacities and impedance increase during cycling. Two promising surface and bulk modifications of such NLOs to alleviate the drawbacks are: (1) the surface coatings by electrochemically inert inorganic compounds and/or (2) the lattice doping by cations. In this work, isopropanol alcoholysis has been used to achieve uniform surface Al2O3 coating on one of NLOs: LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811). The bulk Zr4+ doping and surface Al2O3 coating have been realized after annealing at ≥ 800 °C, which enhance the specific capacity of discharge and cycling life of the NCM@Al2O3 +Zr active material, and effectively suppress the voltage attenuation during cycling process. The main finding of this work is the enhanced cycling stability and the diminished impedance of the coated/doped NCM811, being provided by a synergetic effect of the Al2O3 coating and the Zr4+ doping.
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