Abstract

Abstract Gravitational lensing of invisible streaming matter towards the Sun with speeds around 1 0 − 4 to 1 0 − 3 c could be the explanation of the puzzling solar flares and the unexplained solar emission in the EUV. Assuming that this invisible massive matter has some form of interaction with normal matter and that preferred directions exist in its flow, then one would expect a more pronounced solar activity at certain planetary heliocentric longitudes. This is best demonstrated in the case of the Earth and the two inner planets, considering their relatively short revolution time (365, 225 and 88 days) in comparison to a solar cycle of about 11 years. We have analyzed the solar flares as well as the EUV emission in the periods 1976–2015 and 1999–2015, respectively. The results derived from each data set mutually exclude systematics as the cause of the observed planetary correlations. We observe statistically significant signals when one or more planets have heliocentric longitudes mainly between 230° and 300°. We also analyzed daily data of the global ionization degree of the dynamic Earth atmosphere taken in the period 1995–2012. Again here, we observe a correlation between the total atmospheric electron content (TEC) and the orbital position of the inner three planets. Remarkably, the strongest correlation appears with the phase of the Moon. The broad velocity spectrum of the assumed constituents makes it difficult at this stage to identify its source(s) in space. More refined analyses might in the future increase the precision in the determination of the stream(s) direction and possibly allow to infer some properties of its constituents. Presently, no firmly established model of massive streaming particles exists, although in the literature there are abundant examples of hypotheses. Among them, the anti-quark nuggets model for dark matter seems the better suited to explain our observations and deserves further study.

Highlights

  • The detection of the constituents of dark matter is one of the central challenges in modern physics

  • In this work we refer to generic dark candidate constituents as ‘‘invisible massive matter’’, in order to distinguish them from ordinary dark matter

  • By analyzing the occurrence of X- and M-flares during the last 4 solar cycles and the full disk EUV irradiance of the Sun, we find strong evidence that the occurrence of these phenomena is strongly modulated by the position of Earth, Venus and Mercury around their heliocentric longitude

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Summary

Introduction

The detection of the constituents of dark matter is one of the central challenges in modern physics. We address here the as yet unanswered intriguing question as to whether the motor of the active Sun is entirely of an internal nature, or if it is triggered by some external influence We follow the latter scenario, by assuming that the triggering mechanism is the planetary lensing of the invisible massive matter stream(s). We are making neither assumption about the nature of the streaming invisible massive matter nor on its interaction with normal matter in the Sun: our goal is to prove the lensing and the existence of preferred direction(s) If this seminal idea holds, there will be ways to explore it further in the future, due to its implications in other ongoing dark matter searches

Streaming dark matter and planetary gravitational lensing
Externally driven solar activity: the concept
The solar observations: the flaring Sun and its EUV emission
M- and X-class flares
Solar EUV-irradiance and combined planet trigger
The non-random active Sun
Signal significance
The Earth atmosphere: measurements of the dynamic ionosphere
Planetary correlations
Findings
Discussion
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