Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the impacts of spraying iodine (I) as potassium iodide (KI) and K-iodate (KIO3) with/without calcium chloride (CaCl2) on apple (Malus domestica Borth.) enrichment with I as well as on fruit quality. ‘Idared’ apple trees were sprayed with I: (i) in the summer, five times at a rate of 0.1 kg ha−1 in each treatment with or without CaCl2 and (ii) preharvest (2 weeks before harvest) at a rate of 0.5 kg ha−1. Iodine concentrations in apples sprayed with this nutrient in the summer varied from 41 to 70 µg 100 g−1 FW. The preharvest I sprays increased apple I concentrations up to 63–69 µg 100 g−1 FW. Only the addition of CaCl2 to the spray solution containing KIO3 enhanced fruit I concentration. The sprays of I with CaCl2 increased apple Ca concentration as well as flesh firmness and contents of organic acids in fruit after storage. The percentage of I losses did not differ between combinations, averaging 11.3%. It is concluded that the summer sprays of KI or KIO3 with CaCl2 should be recommended to biofortify apples with I and improve their Ca-related storability.
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